Japans Alternate Attendance System

The alternate attendance system, or sankin-kotai, was a Tokugawa Shogunate policy that required daimyo  (or provincial lords) to divide their time between the capital of their own domain and the shoguns capital city of Edo (Tokyo). The tradition actually began informally during the reign of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1585 - 1598), but was codified into law by Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1635.   Actually, the first sankin-kotai law applied only to what were known as the  tozama  or outside daimyo. These were lords who did not join the Tokugawa side until after the Battle of Sekigahara (Oct. 21, 1600), which cemented Tokugawa power in Japan. Many of the lords from distant, large, and powerful domains were among the tozama daimyo, so they were the shoguns first priority to control. In 1642, however, sankin-kotai was also extended to the  fudai  daimyo, those whose clans had been allied with the Tokugawas even before Sekigahara. A past history of loyalty was no guarantee of continued good behavior, so the fudai daimyo had to pack their bags as well. Alternate Attendance System Under the alternate attendance system, each domain lord was required to spend alternating years in their own domain capitals or attending the shoguns court in Edo. The daimyo had to maintain lavish homes in both cities  and had to pay to travel with their retinues and samurai armies between the two places every year. The central government insured that the daimyo complied by requiring that they leave their wives and first-born sons in Edo at all times, as virtual hostages of the shogun. The shoguns stated reason for imposing this burden on the daimyo was that it was necessary for national defense. Each daimyo had to supply a certain number of samurai, calculated according to the wealth of his domain, and bring them to the capital for military service every second year. However, the shoguns actually enacted this measure to keep the daimyo busy and to impose hefty expenses on them, so that the lords would not have the time and money to start wars. Alternate attendance was an effective tool to prevent Japan from slipping back into the chaos that characterized the Sengoku Period (1467 - 1598).   The alternate attendance system also had some secondary, perhaps unplanned benefits for Japan.  Because the lords and their large numbers of followers had to travel so often, they needed good roads. A system of well-maintained highways grew across the entire country, as a result. The main roads to each province were known as the  kaido. The alternate attendance travelers also stimulated the economy all along their route, buying food and lodging in the towns and villages that they passed through on their way to Edo. A new kind of hotel or guesthouse sprang up along the kaido, known as honjin, and built specifically to house the daimyo and their retinues as they traveled to and from the capital.  The alternate attendance system also provided entertainment for the common people. The daimyos yearly processions back and forth to the shoguns capital were festive occasions, and everyone turned out to watch them pass. After all, everybody loves a parade. Alternate attendance worked well for the Tokugawa Shogunate. During its entire reign of more than 250 years, no Tokugawa shogun faced an uprising by any of the daimyo. The system remained in force until 1862, just six years before the shogun fell in the Meiji Restoration. Among the leaders of the Meiji Restoration movement were two of the very most tozama (outside) of all the daimyo - the restive lords of Chosu and Satsuma, at the very southern end of the main Japanese islands.

Descriptive Essay Fuck - 885 Words

Fuck it. Why am I still here? I’ll ask myself this over and over again until I’ve developed a tic in my eyelid because I’m so stressed out. No one knows why I’m still here. Not God. Not me. Not him. I think we’re all waiting for the ball to drop and for shit to blow up. It could be today, or tomorrow, or in 10 years, but it’s coming. It hangs in the back of my mind like a migraine headache that builds a little bit every day until it becomes the whole world, blinding you to anything else outside your own head. When I’m like this, I drink a beer, a dark porter, so thick and rich that it feels like a meal. Then I drink another. When I’m done, we go back into our bedroom and we fuck. Sometimes, it’s the kind of sex that makes him come in a few minutes, heart-pounding, pulse-racing, and so loud that I fear I’m going to wake up the kids. Other times, I work it so meticulously that time stands on end. I’m on top, straddling him, going so achingly slow that before long we’re both shaking with anticipation of the final event, the game over, the big huzzah. I think I enjoy it most when it’s like this, because it’s all about me. You come when I’m ready for you to. It’s not about you right now. It can’t always be about you. For crying out fucking loud, please let it be about me sometimes, too. When I orgasm, all I can think about is you fucking her in the backroom of the pool store, the scent of chlorine stinging my nostrils as I cry out. It seems so easy to let go, to move on, toShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay : Fuck 1666 Words   |  7 Pages‘Fuck. She’s going to kill me when she finds out about the car.’ I peered over to where the voice was coming from. I spotted a middle-aged man rubbing at a scratch on his car, but it wouldn’t go away. I clicked my tongue and decided to enter another strangers mind, wanting something more interesting than a damaged paint job. ‘Oh, God. Is it two pm yet? Why does he keep going on about his cat, can’t he tell I’m bored out of my mind? It’s alright, if I continue to nod and seem like I’m interestedRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Fuck Yeeeeeeah Nfp Shit1005 Words   |  5 PagesMOTHERFUCKING ESSAY FUCK YEEEEEEAH NFP SHIT Students are expected to research the topic, access other references, especially academic journals and online databases. Readings listed under each topic are indicative only. Topics will be allocated in tutorial class time during weeks 2 and the example to be researched must be confirmed as suitable by the tutor. Although much information is available on the World Wide Web, some caution should be exercised about the quality of this and students willRead MoreAtwood, Neel, And Feminism1645 Words   |  7 Pagesthan men? No. Are they different? Yes. How are they different? We’re still trying to figure that out.† (Atwood M. , Is Margaret Atwood A Feminist? Are You?, 2009) In my research about Alice Neel I found that she had similar beliefs as Atwood. In my essay I stated, she was a major contributor to the women s movement of the 1960 s. Neel was said to be a strong believer of human rights, and was a proud humanist. (Gribbon, 2014) Now that we’ve established the g eneral idea that both were women livingRead MoreAnalysis Of Binet s Non Fiction Novel, Hhhh, By Laurent Binet Essay1923 Words   |  8 Pagesknows the incident between Naujocks and Heydrich happened but does not know the exact dialogue between the two men because it was not recorded so Binet makes his own dialogue making an interesting argument where Heydrich says the next time Naujocks fucks with Heydrich, he will send him to Dachau and hang him by the balls (Binet, 2012, p.184). The device of making up information that novelists use is very effective because it fills in gaps that were not recorded and also entertains the reader. The problem

Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Incident John Free Essays

string(43) " shock for her as she thought he was dead\." AMERICAN LITERATURE I Instructor: Dr. Le Thi Thanh Troy University – STU Campus The Pocahontas Incident John Smith Group members: Ho Truong Phuong Thao TranThi Hong Nhung Nguyen Van Huy Objectives: Understanding author’s biography and his work Understanding Pocahontas’s biography Answer three impotant questions about his work A. John Smith’s biography John Smith (1580 – 1638) had have a heroic life since he was not only a English soldier but also became explorer and author. We will write a custom essay sample on Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Incident John or any similar topic only for you Order Now He contributed a part of his life to be the Captain of the first ship which made a landfall at Massachuselts in 1602 to explore New England. He was also memorized for the founder by setting up the English settement at James Town, Virginia. John Smith’s life experienced many adventures when he was an adolescent in Europe. His life time had been through many coups such as fighting with the Turk, becoming a slave which was sold to Asia Minor, killing his captors†¦ At twenty-seven years old, hesailed to New Wold and explored the Chesapeake Bay, the shores of New England. He also got a friendly relationship with Native Americans. Moreover, he also was a famous writer and made some well-known books included A True Relation (1608), A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country (1612), The General History of Virginia, New-England. The Pocahontas story appeared in the Summer Isles (1624). John Smith had been probably offer an important role to the first colonial writing in America. B. About the work: This work described the episode that John Smith had been saved by the princess Pocahontas since he was captured and in the hands of Indians. This account was narrated by â€Å"him† – the third person to told the audiences how the story happened. There were some detaited we should pay attention to this work: Who were the characters? John Smith, Powhatan, Pocahontas How many other Indian people were at the judiscation? more than two hundreds Where did the judiscation happen? Meronocomoco, Virginia How did it happen? Firstly, John Smith was brought to meet Powhatan and his courtiers. When he was prepared to be killed, Pocahontas had saved him by getting â€Å"his head in her arms† and laying â€Å"her own upon his† (p. 3). Two days after, John Smith was led to a great house and was going to be fired, Powhatan absolve him from death and â€Å"esteem him as his son†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ called â€Å"Nantaquoud† (p. 43) Why was he alive? Thanks to the Pocahontas’s altruistic, he had been rescued. New words: bravery (n) s? l? ng l? y, s? an m? c sang tr? ng robe (n) ao choang train (n) doan tu y tung bedeck (v) trang hoang, trang di? m, trang tri babarous (a) da man, man r? contented (a) b? ng long disguised (a) tra hinh, c? i trang mat (n) t? m th? m, rem esteem (v) quy m? n C. Pocahontas’s Biography: 1. What is the major in Pocahontas’s life? Matoaka was the beautiful and lively daughter of Powhatan, ruler of the land that the English named Virginia. â€Å"Pocahontas† was her childhood nickname, translated as â€Å"little wanton,† meaning she was playful and hard to control. When she was born, Powhatan sent her mother home to her own village, to raise Pocahontas. That was his custom. When she was about school age, Pocahontas left her mother to live in her father’s capital, with her older brothers and sisters. As they grew up, Powhatan appointed some as chiefs of his other tribes. Pocahontas became her father’s favorite, â€Å"the apple of his eye†. In this new account, his capture included the threat of his own death: â€Å"†¦ at the minute of my execution,† he wrote, â€Å"she [Pocahontas] hazarded the beating out of her own brains to save mine; and not only that, but so prevailed with her father, that I was safely conducted to Jamestown. â€Å"[Eight years later, in his Generall Historie, Smith expanded upon the story. Writing about himself in the third person, he explained that after he was captured and taken to the paramount chief, â€Å"two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could laid hands on him [Smith], dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beat out his brains, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter, when no entreaty could prevailed, got his head in her arms, and laid her own upon his to save him from death .. When Smith returned, there were only 38 colonists left (out of 104). Pocahontas kept the colonists from starving to death that first winter, by visiting regularly with plenty of food. Pocahontas paid regular visits to her friend Captain John Smith, but in October 1609, she was told that Smith was dead. She stopped visiting after that. The following winter was known as the Starving Time. Actually, Smith wasn’t dead; his leg was badly burned in a gunpowder explosion, and he had returned to England for medical treatment. The colonists thought the death story would work better with the Indians. Several years passed, with no sign of Pocahontas. Ralph Hamor heard that she had married one of Powhatan’s chiefs, named Kocoum. Captain Argyle discovered that Pocahontas was staying with the Patowamekes, and captured her on June 4, 1613, intending to trade her for concessions from Powhatan. Powhatan only met enough of the demands to keep negotiations open. During her captivity, leading colonists worked to convert her to Christianity. One of those colonists, John Rolfe, fell in love with her, and she’s with him. Pocahontas was baptized as a Christian, and married John Rolfe in 1614. Her new name was Lady Rebecca Rolfe. She gave birth to a son, Thomas Rolfe. This marriage created the â€Å"Peace of Pocahontas†, six years of peace between the Jamestown colonists and Powhatan’s tribes. Pocahontas’ life ended on a high note, with a triumphal tour of England (arriving June 3, 1616) as a visiting princess. She visited many important people, including King James and Queen Anne. Sho also met John Smith and this caused a big shock for her as she thought he was dead. You read "Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Incident John" in category "Essay examples" In England, her portrait was made and published. As she started home, smallpox – English disease took her life. She was buried in the church at Gravesend, England (Mar. 21, 1617) age 21 or so. (Her exact birth date is uncertain: roughly 1595. The meaning of Pocahontas’s life is that Pocahontas played a significant role in American history. As a compassionate little girl she saw to it that the colonists received food from the Indians, so that Ja mestown would not suffer the fate of the â€Å"Lost Colony† on Roanoke Island. She is said to have intervened to save the lives of individual colonists. In 1616 John Smith wrote that Pocahontas was â€Å"the instrument to pursue these colonies from death, famine, and utter confusion. † And Pocahontas not only served as a representative of the Virginia Indians, but also as a vital link between the Native Americans and the Englishmen. Whatever her contributions, the romantic aspects of her life will stand out in Virginia history forever. Historic portrait of the real Pocahontas in London, age 21, dressed as the Christian lady she had become. Whatever her contributions, the romantic aspects of her life will no doubt stand out in Virginia history forever She died within months. This portrait hangs in the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian, in Washington, D. C. This painting is a later copy of an engraving made during her London visit of 1616. It flatters and Europeanizes her more than does the original engraving, which failed to capture her celebrated allure. pic][pic] 2. Why did Pocahontas die? And what is her death’s significances? According to Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition; Pocahontas was killed by smallpox – an White people’s disease in a ship which returned from England to her homeland.. She died on March 21,1617 and was burried at Gravesend. Her death was one of t he case which represent for the cultural chiasma between Native American and White people. The death of Pocahontas and the subsequent death of her father led the relationship between the colonists and the natives become worse. D. Understanding John Smith’s work: . What specific details of Indian life and Indian nature does the account reveal? Indian life which was decribed by John Smith was familiar with current audiences since they could easily find out many similar characteristics which concerned to Native American on television program, newspapers or history researches. The first thing we could conclude about the Red people was they lived a simple life which closely to the nature as they used almost things made from the environment such as using feathers â€Å"instead of a towel† to dry hand, wearing skinned robe with â€Å"all the tails hanging by† (p. 3). â€Å"Their head and shoulders painted red† and used â€Å"white down of birds† to help t hem more beautiful (p. 43). They seemed not have any idea about tresury metals like gold, diamond which White people were looking for. They only focused on their simple, traditional comunity by using primitive and ancient tools such as â€Å"robes, shoes, bows, arrows†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Moreover, Indian society was different from ours in some specific ways. Equality and justice was emphasized and took stock in each citizen no matter who they were, what their social status was. For example, in John Smith’s work, although Powhatan was the chief King of Red people, he still made â€Å"his own robes, shoes, bows, arrows, pots; lant, hunt, or do any thing so well as the rest† (p. 43). In addition, democracy was the thing which could be revealed and complimented as well. For instance, when John Smith was captured, â€Å"a long consultation was held† between the King, courtiers and other people to make the final decision. Finally, their culture was special and colorful as they often â€Å"disguised† and â€Å"bedecked† themselves with tail, â€Å"white down of bird† (p. 43)†¦ Followed the account, the Indian nature was absolutely rich, wealthy and bounteous. It was also described through the Native people’s appearence with red color on their head, â€Å"great chain of white beads about their neck†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (p. 43) How much confidence do you have in the truth of these details as related by Captain Smith? In our group’s work, since we considered that John Smith’s account was veracious and had many similarities to the reality not only in Indian culture which we easily found in television, newspapers, films but also in the detail that Pocahontas had saved his life. There were many researched told this story and proved that Pocahontas used to rescue him such as Pocahontas and Her World (1969) by G. S. Woodward or Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2010). Thus, we concluded that there was about 90 percentage of John Smith’s work is true and the rest part might be hyperbolized by his imagine and mannerism. 2. How do you account for the popularity of this story in American legend? The story of Pocahontas is very popular. Almost people in America and also around the world know this. So it really becomes the big inspiration for many people to institute their creation. For example: The very famous picture â€Å"The Baptism of Pocahontas† painted by John Gadsby Chapman in 1840. This explained the characters in the painting, and praised the Jamestown settlers for introducing Christianity to the â€Å"heathen savages. â€Å"[pic] In the 19th century, John Brougham produced a burlesque, Po-ca-hon-tas, or The Gentle Savage. It debuted in 1855 and became an instant hit. Po-ca-hon-tas remained a staple of theatre troupes and blackface minstrel companies for the next 30 years, typically as an afterpiece . Several films about Pocahontas have been made and two of the most famous film are Pocahontas (1995), It was produced by  Walt Disney Feature Animation [pic] The New World  (2005)  written and directed by  Terrence Malick [pic] The song â€Å"color of wind† is also mention about Pacahontas. Performed by Vanessa Lynn Williams who is the very famous singer and had won the miss American contest in 1984. [pic] 3. What typical American traits do you find in Captain John Smith? John Smith was an adventurer, discoverer, writer, and the best founding father of America. Captain John Smith risked his life, his reputation and property to establish a colony in America. He contributed a great deal to the creation and survival of the English Colony in America which is the birthplace of the United States. John Smith was a self-made man. He left his English homeland to seek a life of adventure with honor. His leadership quality during crisic was another American trait, optimistic and tolerance. Captain Smith did not have attention to revenge for his partners who was killed by Native Americans. That means he got generosity in his heart. Moreover, he got along with Indian well. And he was also steptical when he was captured by Narive Americans. So John Smith’s characteristics look like the American people now. They are clever, self-made, friendly and especially they always like to find out a new change for their life Work Cited Hadas, Pamela White. â€Å"POCAHONTAS FROM HER NEW WORLD. † Kenyon Review 5. 2 (1983): 24-34. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. P. L. Barbour, Pocahontas and Her World (1969); G. S. Woodward, Pocahontas (1969). PhD. Le, Thanh Thi, ed. â€Å"Pocahontas Incident. † American Literature. Ho Chi Minh: Education, 2007. 42-44. Print. â€Å"Pocahontas. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2010): 1. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. Silver, Marc. â€Å"Pocahontas, for real. † U. S. News World Report 118. 24 (1995): 61. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. TRATNER, MICHAEL. â€Å"TRANSLATING VALUES: MERCANTILISM AND THE MANY â€Å"BIOGRAPHIES† OF PO CAHONTAS. † Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly 32. 1 (2009): 128-136. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. http://pocahontas. morenus. org/poca_pic. html http://www. preservationvirginia. org/rediscovery/page. php? page_id=26 http://pocahontas. morenus. org/index. html How to cite Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Incident John, Essay examples

Management Report On Horse Riding School †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Report On Horse Riding School? Answer: Introduction: There are a number of contemporary human activities that are considered to be leisure activities. However the human societal activities some has sometimes and somehow become a thing of passion for most of the human civilization. Horse riding or riding in general is considered to be one such human leisure activity that is not just a hobby for most of the riders (Visser Van Wijk-Jansen, 2012). It is rather a very passionate Pursuit for the riders and they devote a lot of time and effort and affection riding and the animals they ride. Australian is considered to be one of the most traditionally upstream and our heritage of an American pastime and driving on my rose all over the world have spent a lot of time effort and resources into making horse riding a pleasurable get passionate Pursuit for the willing Riders (Thompson, McGreevy McManus, 2015). In order to make the ride experience memorable pleasurable and safe, a legit riding School Training is a must required thing. For that reason a highly efficiently operative successful riding school is required. There are hundreds and thousands of driving schools out there in the market but in order to obtain the best experience and chain in horse riding to make the passion of horse riding into a reality using successful is absolutely required. Considering the Australian market house riding is one of the elite and passionate hobbies and therefore there are an abundance of horse riding schools. This assignment will focus on the hypothetical horse training school chosen and how the management can be improved to a certain best quality experience provided to the customers of the Riding School (Ross Dyson, 2010). Strategic planning of a successful riding school: It has to be understood that a good riding school only operates in the vision and leadership of a critically organized and there are titillated strategic plans that will it and the success of the Riding School. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the planning organization leadership and control in a driving school and how that played in the success and prosperity of the writer school in the market along with that make a string of recommendations how to overcome the contemporary management challenges that itself in the school operation and environment (Pickering et al., 2010). In order to evaluate and analyze the aspects of a good Riding School the first Recommendation of elements of a good management team in a riding school is the strategic planning that will incorporate and encompass all the aspects and the Welfare of internal and external stakeholders associated with the Riding School to ensure the riding school is in a successful and progressive growth pattern for the fut ure. Study start suggest that strategic planning is the one element that we incorporate innovativeness and Organization in a positive manner to ensure the best output for all the stakeholders associated with any organization. The successful management of arriving school is not much different from that is well and strategic planning is a master in order to ascertain growth and success for the Riding School (Normando et al., 2011). Economic or financial planning: The first aspect that needs to be considered in a strategic planning for a good and successful riding school is economic or financial planning of the Riding School. With out a sound and well articulated economic planning it is impossible to attain good reputation and success in the Riding School market. Studies suggest that a good marketing plan that covers all the economic needs and requirements of a horse riding school action coming out the economic growth graph of the riding school and implement improvisations and cost cutting activities to ensure that the resources that the writing school has its pocket is utilised in the best manner. In a good and effective economic plan for arriving School must incorporate expenses for the Welfare and health of the animals that are capital Driving School. With out efficiency operating and healthy horses a Riding School cannot flourish. Along with that a sound economic plan for the riding schools must also incorporate including a trainer staff a nd good writing instructors that can profile the best friend experiences to the customers of the riding school. Other than that investing in good infrastructure and protective gear can never go wrong with the growth of the Riding School. Hence the economic plan was also incorporate budget and cost effective planning for incorporating contemporary models and Technologies for efficient and protective infrastructure inside the Riding School (Newsome, Lacroix Pickering, 2011). Legal planning: Effective horse riding school requires a plan and marketing and management plan that is sound and calculated in protecting all the aspects of trading business. As a horse riding school deals along with internal and external business marketing stakeholders deals with animals for the most part of the business there are a lot of the policies and legislative restrictions posed on the business and its growth. For example, in order to ensure that the horse training business of the riding school is efficient, the management team of the riding school master acknowledges the Welfare policies and restrictions that the regulatory authorities overlooking the animal welfare business have initiated (Greve Dyson, 2015). The animals are to be treated and maintained in a healthy and sanitary environment to ensure their best growth and health. And riding school must abide by the legal policies that protect the Welfare and health of the animals that it deals with. This policy is include providing heal thy food and sanitation to the animals and to protect them from any man behave your own maltreatment from either the instructor management of the riding school are the customers that the Riding School operates with (Garca-Gmez et al., 2014). Driving School also must and corporate legal policies and guidelines that protect the animals and the Welfare of the Riding School from the bad behavior or maltreatment of the customers. More often than not the lack of knowledge and education in the customers along with lack of straining the animals and the infrastructural property in the riding school is tarnished or damaged. Hands in the strategic legal signing the management must and corporate laws and policies protecting the biological and non biological properties of the riding school (Garbett, 2011). Organizational planning: An organizational structure or layout is the operational backbone of any organization. It is easily considered to be the structure of Skeleton based on which the entire business operations and processes run of an organization and the structure provides insight on the structural characteristics of the business (Gabriels et al., 2012). Hence planning of the organizational structure is also an important aspect of the strategic planning for growth and prosperity of any business corporation. Is the purpose of this assignment is on the growth and prosperity management of a horse riding school in Australian context, the organizational planning of the riding school needs emphasis in this discussion. The organizational layout generally can be described as the staffing, the customer service, machining processes, usage of the protective infrastructure, training shifts, and what not (Fureix et al., 2012). Planning to organizational lay out of the Riding School will require diverging in the environmental operational and organizational aspects of the Riding School. For example an effective and sound organizational planning of the Riding School will emphasize critical thinking to safeguard the Welfare and wellbeing of all the stakeholders human or not associated with the riding school. As mentioned above this planning will require curating the staffing arrangements along with recruitment that will suit the purpose and growth of the riding school the best. Along with that the planning management will also required to emphasize on the disposal of the uneconomic animals. Overall the organization of planning bill designed the entire operational environment of the riding school and helps the Riding School to operate in a promotional environment to its growth and success. The planning must incorporate or encompass (Elgker et al., 2012). The details on staffing recruiting and service provided to the customers. The animal welfare and animal treatment of the driving school along with uses of protective gears and infrastructural models is also a part of organizational planning that will provide a set of guidelines to the staff in structures and the learners that are associated with the Riding School (Dindo, Hahnloser Clavien, 2010). Studies suggest that customer feedback and customer behavior on the guidelines and organizational structure of the Riding School can provide us with the important information that will help improvise the business process of the riding school for the better (Davis Purcell, 2014). Hence the periodic organizational structural planning should take into account the customer feedback on the training processes staffing shifting and infrastructural arrangements of the Riding School. In the organizational planning animal welfare should also gain a place that will be the easiest route to exercise and enforce animal welfare and animal care in the staff and the learners. Hence the organization structuring will not only include the business process management to that will also include the legal policies and post within the guidelines and policies of the organizational structure to ensure that these policies are complied to in abundance (Buckley Ollenburg, 2013). Contemporary management challenge: Restrictions and hurdles a package deal when it comes to business management. In case of any business organisation there are a lot of challenges and hurdles that present itself in the everyday dealings. Hence a proper risk management test required for a business organisation to overcome the challenges that present itself on the daily basis in the business operations. In case of a Riding School as well challenges and hurdles are a common norm. There are a lot of contemporary challenges that may present itself in the business processes of a horse riding school. These challenges may be concerned with the customer behaviour the animal Welfare of the Organisational layout of the Riding School. The contemporary challenge chosen for this assignment is the need for Innovation and improvisation in the Riding School to match up with the market demands. Horse riding is a recreational Pursuit that was invented it is a go by the Hunters and gatherers. The activity has come a long way since then a nd there are plenty of infrastructural improvisation that has improved the centres of horse riding you are completely different standard. There are a number of technological innovations that can be incorporated in the business processes of a ride School to help propagate it towards the Pinnacle of success (Baum, 2011). These innovations can be incorporated in the animal welfare and economic animal disposition training procedures, use of protective gear and what not to make the riding school one of a kind in customer dealings and business process. Along with that the protective case that were once used in the horse training experience the bulky and very uncomfortable to wear while driving the animals (Anthony Brown, 2011). However this protected coverings where necessary to protect the writers from injuries or other casualties while driving the animals as the animals can be provoke to behave in any every manner that can lead to injuries for both the driver and the animal. Hence the uses of protected cares and head support are regulated necessity in case of riding horses or any other animals. The challenge that presents itself in this scenario is the most of the learners feel uncomfortable and irritated while wearing the bulky and heavy protective gears while riding the animals. And in most cases th ey refrain from wearing the protective Gears of this continue riding all together. Felt the need for innovation in the protective covering is a necessity to incorporate growth and success of the riding school and retain the customer base without compromising the safety of the customers. Now there is a lot of technological alternative that have found its way in the market which are less bulky and uncomfortable and can be bone easily by the learners without compromising their comfort and flexibility wild riding the animals. These protective gears can be made out of leather or semi leather material complete with a protective metal shingles for the chest and head which will protect the learner if he or she might fall during the learning sessions (Abbott, Newsome Palmer, 2010). Conclusion: Equestrianism or horseback riding is an ancient Pursuit that has its roots planted centuries ago in the human civilization. Back in the 18th century by transportation West limited to Horses and cattles horse riding was not just Aamir recreational activity that was the only means of transportation for normal civilians and the police. Hans it is common knowledge that horse riding has a heritage encompassing centuries and is a passionate Pursuit even now as a Elite recreational activity. It is no longer just recreational activity either it is now considered to be an Olympic sport and is of immense reputation and requires extreme skills. Hence the popularity or demand of horse riding schools is ever present all over the globe. However alike any business related operational activity there are many aspects both economic environmental legal and operational that may way down the efficiency and progress of a riding school in this current scenario. It must be mentioned that animal welfare has been neglected and abused extremely in the years that left to immense damage to the biodiversity of our mother nature. Hence the regulatory authorities of animal welfare has imposed and enforced number of finding and strict legal policies that has to be complied to when dealing with animals in any manner. The legalities and the economic influx in this dynamic economy that will live in Bose is a number of challenges and hotels in the part for the riding schools as well. The customer demands and preferences also play a major role in defining the growth pattern for the driving schools and the management. Hence the contemporary challenges that present itself from time to time in this scenario has to be dealt with strategic plan ning and well curate actions as explained in this case scenario. References: Abbott, E., Newsome, D., Palmer, S. (2010).A case study analysis of horse riding and its management in a peri-urban setting. CRC for Sustainable Tourism. Anthony, D. W., Brown, D. R. (2011). The secondary products revolution, horse-riding, and mounted warfare.Journal of World Prehistory,24(2-3), 131. 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