Japans Alternate Attendance System

The alternate attendance system, or sankin-kotai, was a Tokugawa Shogunate policy that required daimyo  (or provincial lords) to divide their time between the capital of their own domain and the shoguns capital city of Edo (Tokyo). The tradition actually began informally during the reign of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1585 - 1598), but was codified into law by Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1635.   Actually, the first sankin-kotai law applied only to what were known as the  tozama  or outside daimyo. These were lords who did not join the Tokugawa side until after the Battle of Sekigahara (Oct. 21, 1600), which cemented Tokugawa power in Japan. Many of the lords from distant, large, and powerful domains were among the tozama daimyo, so they were the shoguns first priority to control. In 1642, however, sankin-kotai was also extended to the  fudai  daimyo, those whose clans had been allied with the Tokugawas even before Sekigahara. A past history of loyalty was no guarantee of continued good behavior, so the fudai daimyo had to pack their bags as well. Alternate Attendance System Under the alternate attendance system, each domain lord was required to spend alternating years in their own domain capitals or attending the shoguns court in Edo. The daimyo had to maintain lavish homes in both cities  and had to pay to travel with their retinues and samurai armies between the two places every year. The central government insured that the daimyo complied by requiring that they leave their wives and first-born sons in Edo at all times, as virtual hostages of the shogun. The shoguns stated reason for imposing this burden on the daimyo was that it was necessary for national defense. Each daimyo had to supply a certain number of samurai, calculated according to the wealth of his domain, and bring them to the capital for military service every second year. However, the shoguns actually enacted this measure to keep the daimyo busy and to impose hefty expenses on them, so that the lords would not have the time and money to start wars. Alternate attendance was an effective tool to prevent Japan from slipping back into the chaos that characterized the Sengoku Period (1467 - 1598).   The alternate attendance system also had some secondary, perhaps unplanned benefits for Japan.  Because the lords and their large numbers of followers had to travel so often, they needed good roads. A system of well-maintained highways grew across the entire country, as a result. The main roads to each province were known as the  kaido. The alternate attendance travelers also stimulated the economy all along their route, buying food and lodging in the towns and villages that they passed through on their way to Edo. A new kind of hotel or guesthouse sprang up along the kaido, known as honjin, and built specifically to house the daimyo and their retinues as they traveled to and from the capital.  The alternate attendance system also provided entertainment for the common people. The daimyos yearly processions back and forth to the shoguns capital were festive occasions, and everyone turned out to watch them pass. After all, everybody loves a parade. Alternate attendance worked well for the Tokugawa Shogunate. During its entire reign of more than 250 years, no Tokugawa shogun faced an uprising by any of the daimyo. The system remained in force until 1862, just six years before the shogun fell in the Meiji Restoration. Among the leaders of the Meiji Restoration movement were two of the very most tozama (outside) of all the daimyo - the restive lords of Chosu and Satsuma, at the very southern end of the main Japanese islands.

Descriptive Essay Fuck - 885 Words

Fuck it. Why am I still here? I’ll ask myself this over and over again until I’ve developed a tic in my eyelid because I’m so stressed out. No one knows why I’m still here. Not God. Not me. Not him. I think we’re all waiting for the ball to drop and for shit to blow up. It could be today, or tomorrow, or in 10 years, but it’s coming. It hangs in the back of my mind like a migraine headache that builds a little bit every day until it becomes the whole world, blinding you to anything else outside your own head. When I’m like this, I drink a beer, a dark porter, so thick and rich that it feels like a meal. Then I drink another. When I’m done, we go back into our bedroom and we fuck. Sometimes, it’s the kind of sex that makes him come in a few minutes, heart-pounding, pulse-racing, and so loud that I fear I’m going to wake up the kids. Other times, I work it so meticulously that time stands on end. I’m on top, straddling him, going so achingly slow that before long we’re both shaking with anticipation of the final event, the game over, the big huzzah. I think I enjoy it most when it’s like this, because it’s all about me. You come when I’m ready for you to. It’s not about you right now. It can’t always be about you. For crying out fucking loud, please let it be about me sometimes, too. When I orgasm, all I can think about is you fucking her in the backroom of the pool store, the scent of chlorine stinging my nostrils as I cry out. It seems so easy to let go, to move on, toShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay : Fuck 1666 Words   |  7 Pages‘Fuck. She’s going to kill me when she finds out about the car.’ I peered over to where the voice was coming from. I spotted a middle-aged man rubbing at a scratch on his car, but it wouldn’t go away. I clicked my tongue and decided to enter another strangers mind, wanting something more interesting than a damaged paint job. ‘Oh, God. Is it two pm yet? Why does he keep going on about his cat, can’t he tell I’m bored out of my mind? It’s alright, if I continue to nod and seem like I’m interestedRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Fuck Yeeeeeeah Nfp Shit1005 Words   |  5 PagesMOTHERFUCKING ESSAY FUCK YEEEEEEAH NFP SHIT Students are expected to research the topic, access other references, especially academic journals and online databases. Readings listed under each topic are indicative only. Topics will be allocated in tutorial class time during weeks 2 and the example to be researched must be confirmed as suitable by the tutor. Although much information is available on the World Wide Web, some caution should be exercised about the quality of this and students willRead MoreAtwood, Neel, And Feminism1645 Words   |  7 Pagesthan men? No. Are they different? Yes. How are they different? We’re still trying to figure that out.† (Atwood M. , Is Margaret Atwood A Feminist? Are You?, 2009) In my research about Alice Neel I found that she had similar beliefs as Atwood. In my essay I stated, she was a major contributor to the women s movement of the 1960 s. Neel was said to be a strong believer of human rights, and was a proud humanist. (Gribbon, 2014) Now that we’ve established the g eneral idea that both were women livingRead MoreAnalysis Of Binet s Non Fiction Novel, Hhhh, By Laurent Binet Essay1923 Words   |  8 Pagesknows the incident between Naujocks and Heydrich happened but does not know the exact dialogue between the two men because it was not recorded so Binet makes his own dialogue making an interesting argument where Heydrich says the next time Naujocks fucks with Heydrich, he will send him to Dachau and hang him by the balls (Binet, 2012, p.184). The device of making up information that novelists use is very effective because it fills in gaps that were not recorded and also entertains the reader. The problem

Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Incident John Free Essays

string(43) " shock for her as she thought he was dead\." AMERICAN LITERATURE I Instructor: Dr. Le Thi Thanh Troy University – STU Campus The Pocahontas Incident John Smith Group members: Ho Truong Phuong Thao TranThi Hong Nhung Nguyen Van Huy Objectives: Understanding author’s biography and his work Understanding Pocahontas’s biography Answer three impotant questions about his work A. John Smith’s biography John Smith (1580 – 1638) had have a heroic life since he was not only a English soldier but also became explorer and author. We will write a custom essay sample on Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Incident John or any similar topic only for you Order Now He contributed a part of his life to be the Captain of the first ship which made a landfall at Massachuselts in 1602 to explore New England. He was also memorized for the founder by setting up the English settement at James Town, Virginia. John Smith’s life experienced many adventures when he was an adolescent in Europe. His life time had been through many coups such as fighting with the Turk, becoming a slave which was sold to Asia Minor, killing his captors†¦ At twenty-seven years old, hesailed to New Wold and explored the Chesapeake Bay, the shores of New England. He also got a friendly relationship with Native Americans. Moreover, he also was a famous writer and made some well-known books included A True Relation (1608), A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country (1612), The General History of Virginia, New-England. The Pocahontas story appeared in the Summer Isles (1624). John Smith had been probably offer an important role to the first colonial writing in America. B. About the work: This work described the episode that John Smith had been saved by the princess Pocahontas since he was captured and in the hands of Indians. This account was narrated by â€Å"him† – the third person to told the audiences how the story happened. There were some detaited we should pay attention to this work: Who were the characters? John Smith, Powhatan, Pocahontas How many other Indian people were at the judiscation? more than two hundreds Where did the judiscation happen? Meronocomoco, Virginia How did it happen? Firstly, John Smith was brought to meet Powhatan and his courtiers. When he was prepared to be killed, Pocahontas had saved him by getting â€Å"his head in her arms† and laying â€Å"her own upon his† (p. 3). Two days after, John Smith was led to a great house and was going to be fired, Powhatan absolve him from death and â€Å"esteem him as his son†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ called â€Å"Nantaquoud† (p. 43) Why was he alive? Thanks to the Pocahontas’s altruistic, he had been rescued. New words: bravery (n) s? l? ng l? y, s? an m? c sang tr? ng robe (n) ao choang train (n) doan tu y tung bedeck (v) trang hoang, trang di? m, trang tri babarous (a) da man, man r? contented (a) b? ng long disguised (a) tra hinh, c? i trang mat (n) t? m th? m, rem esteem (v) quy m? n C. Pocahontas’s Biography: 1. What is the major in Pocahontas’s life? Matoaka was the beautiful and lively daughter of Powhatan, ruler of the land that the English named Virginia. â€Å"Pocahontas† was her childhood nickname, translated as â€Å"little wanton,† meaning she was playful and hard to control. When she was born, Powhatan sent her mother home to her own village, to raise Pocahontas. That was his custom. When she was about school age, Pocahontas left her mother to live in her father’s capital, with her older brothers and sisters. As they grew up, Powhatan appointed some as chiefs of his other tribes. Pocahontas became her father’s favorite, â€Å"the apple of his eye†. In this new account, his capture included the threat of his own death: â€Å"†¦ at the minute of my execution,† he wrote, â€Å"she [Pocahontas] hazarded the beating out of her own brains to save mine; and not only that, but so prevailed with her father, that I was safely conducted to Jamestown. â€Å"[Eight years later, in his Generall Historie, Smith expanded upon the story. Writing about himself in the third person, he explained that after he was captured and taken to the paramount chief, â€Å"two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could laid hands on him [Smith], dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beat out his brains, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter, when no entreaty could prevailed, got his head in her arms, and laid her own upon his to save him from death .. When Smith returned, there were only 38 colonists left (out of 104). Pocahontas kept the colonists from starving to death that first winter, by visiting regularly with plenty of food. Pocahontas paid regular visits to her friend Captain John Smith, but in October 1609, she was told that Smith was dead. She stopped visiting after that. The following winter was known as the Starving Time. Actually, Smith wasn’t dead; his leg was badly burned in a gunpowder explosion, and he had returned to England for medical treatment. The colonists thought the death story would work better with the Indians. Several years passed, with no sign of Pocahontas. Ralph Hamor heard that she had married one of Powhatan’s chiefs, named Kocoum. Captain Argyle discovered that Pocahontas was staying with the Patowamekes, and captured her on June 4, 1613, intending to trade her for concessions from Powhatan. Powhatan only met enough of the demands to keep negotiations open. During her captivity, leading colonists worked to convert her to Christianity. One of those colonists, John Rolfe, fell in love with her, and she’s with him. Pocahontas was baptized as a Christian, and married John Rolfe in 1614. Her new name was Lady Rebecca Rolfe. She gave birth to a son, Thomas Rolfe. This marriage created the â€Å"Peace of Pocahontas†, six years of peace between the Jamestown colonists and Powhatan’s tribes. Pocahontas’ life ended on a high note, with a triumphal tour of England (arriving June 3, 1616) as a visiting princess. She visited many important people, including King James and Queen Anne. Sho also met John Smith and this caused a big shock for her as she thought he was dead. You read "Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Incident John" in category "Essay examples" In England, her portrait was made and published. As she started home, smallpox – English disease took her life. She was buried in the church at Gravesend, England (Mar. 21, 1617) age 21 or so. (Her exact birth date is uncertain: roughly 1595. The meaning of Pocahontas’s life is that Pocahontas played a significant role in American history. As a compassionate little girl she saw to it that the colonists received food from the Indians, so that Ja mestown would not suffer the fate of the â€Å"Lost Colony† on Roanoke Island. She is said to have intervened to save the lives of individual colonists. In 1616 John Smith wrote that Pocahontas was â€Å"the instrument to pursue these colonies from death, famine, and utter confusion. † And Pocahontas not only served as a representative of the Virginia Indians, but also as a vital link between the Native Americans and the Englishmen. Whatever her contributions, the romantic aspects of her life will stand out in Virginia history forever. Historic portrait of the real Pocahontas in London, age 21, dressed as the Christian lady she had become. Whatever her contributions, the romantic aspects of her life will no doubt stand out in Virginia history forever She died within months. This portrait hangs in the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian, in Washington, D. C. This painting is a later copy of an engraving made during her London visit of 1616. It flatters and Europeanizes her more than does the original engraving, which failed to capture her celebrated allure. pic][pic] 2. Why did Pocahontas die? And what is her death’s significances? According to Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition; Pocahontas was killed by smallpox – an White people’s disease in a ship which returned from England to her homeland.. She died on March 21,1617 and was burried at Gravesend. Her death was one of t he case which represent for the cultural chiasma between Native American and White people. The death of Pocahontas and the subsequent death of her father led the relationship between the colonists and the natives become worse. D. Understanding John Smith’s work: . What specific details of Indian life and Indian nature does the account reveal? Indian life which was decribed by John Smith was familiar with current audiences since they could easily find out many similar characteristics which concerned to Native American on television program, newspapers or history researches. The first thing we could conclude about the Red people was they lived a simple life which closely to the nature as they used almost things made from the environment such as using feathers â€Å"instead of a towel† to dry hand, wearing skinned robe with â€Å"all the tails hanging by† (p. 3). â€Å"Their head and shoulders painted red† and used â€Å"white down of birds† to help t hem more beautiful (p. 43). They seemed not have any idea about tresury metals like gold, diamond which White people were looking for. They only focused on their simple, traditional comunity by using primitive and ancient tools such as â€Å"robes, shoes, bows, arrows†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Moreover, Indian society was different from ours in some specific ways. Equality and justice was emphasized and took stock in each citizen no matter who they were, what their social status was. For example, in John Smith’s work, although Powhatan was the chief King of Red people, he still made â€Å"his own robes, shoes, bows, arrows, pots; lant, hunt, or do any thing so well as the rest† (p. 43). In addition, democracy was the thing which could be revealed and complimented as well. For instance, when John Smith was captured, â€Å"a long consultation was held† between the King, courtiers and other people to make the final decision. Finally, their culture was special and colorful as they often â€Å"disguised† and â€Å"bedecked† themselves with tail, â€Å"white down of bird† (p. 43)†¦ Followed the account, the Indian nature was absolutely rich, wealthy and bounteous. It was also described through the Native people’s appearence with red color on their head, â€Å"great chain of white beads about their neck†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (p. 43) How much confidence do you have in the truth of these details as related by Captain Smith? In our group’s work, since we considered that John Smith’s account was veracious and had many similarities to the reality not only in Indian culture which we easily found in television, newspapers, films but also in the detail that Pocahontas had saved his life. There were many researched told this story and proved that Pocahontas used to rescue him such as Pocahontas and Her World (1969) by G. S. Woodward or Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2010). Thus, we concluded that there was about 90 percentage of John Smith’s work is true and the rest part might be hyperbolized by his imagine and mannerism. 2. How do you account for the popularity of this story in American legend? The story of Pocahontas is very popular. Almost people in America and also around the world know this. So it really becomes the big inspiration for many people to institute their creation. For example: The very famous picture â€Å"The Baptism of Pocahontas† painted by John Gadsby Chapman in 1840. This explained the characters in the painting, and praised the Jamestown settlers for introducing Christianity to the â€Å"heathen savages. â€Å"[pic] In the 19th century, John Brougham produced a burlesque, Po-ca-hon-tas, or The Gentle Savage. It debuted in 1855 and became an instant hit. Po-ca-hon-tas remained a staple of theatre troupes and blackface minstrel companies for the next 30 years, typically as an afterpiece . Several films about Pocahontas have been made and two of the most famous film are Pocahontas (1995), It was produced by  Walt Disney Feature Animation [pic] The New World  (2005)  written and directed by  Terrence Malick [pic] The song â€Å"color of wind† is also mention about Pacahontas. Performed by Vanessa Lynn Williams who is the very famous singer and had won the miss American contest in 1984. [pic] 3. What typical American traits do you find in Captain John Smith? John Smith was an adventurer, discoverer, writer, and the best founding father of America. Captain John Smith risked his life, his reputation and property to establish a colony in America. He contributed a great deal to the creation and survival of the English Colony in America which is the birthplace of the United States. John Smith was a self-made man. He left his English homeland to seek a life of adventure with honor. His leadership quality during crisic was another American trait, optimistic and tolerance. Captain Smith did not have attention to revenge for his partners who was killed by Native Americans. That means he got generosity in his heart. Moreover, he got along with Indian well. And he was also steptical when he was captured by Narive Americans. So John Smith’s characteristics look like the American people now. They are clever, self-made, friendly and especially they always like to find out a new change for their life Work Cited Hadas, Pamela White. â€Å"POCAHONTAS FROM HER NEW WORLD. † Kenyon Review 5. 2 (1983): 24-34. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. P. L. Barbour, Pocahontas and Her World (1969); G. S. Woodward, Pocahontas (1969). PhD. Le, Thanh Thi, ed. â€Å"Pocahontas Incident. † American Literature. Ho Chi Minh: Education, 2007. 42-44. Print. â€Å"Pocahontas. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2010): 1. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. Silver, Marc. â€Å"Pocahontas, for real. † U. S. News World Report 118. 24 (1995): 61. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. TRATNER, MICHAEL. â€Å"TRANSLATING VALUES: MERCANTILISM AND THE MANY â€Å"BIOGRAPHIES† OF PO CAHONTAS. † Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly 32. 1 (2009): 128-136. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. http://pocahontas. morenus. org/poca_pic. html http://www. preservationvirginia. org/rediscovery/page. php? page_id=26 http://pocahontas. morenus. org/index. html How to cite Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Incident John, Essay examples

Management Report On Horse Riding School †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Report On Horse Riding School? Answer: Introduction: There are a number of contemporary human activities that are considered to be leisure activities. However the human societal activities some has sometimes and somehow become a thing of passion for most of the human civilization. Horse riding or riding in general is considered to be one such human leisure activity that is not just a hobby for most of the riders (Visser Van Wijk-Jansen, 2012). It is rather a very passionate Pursuit for the riders and they devote a lot of time and effort and affection riding and the animals they ride. Australian is considered to be one of the most traditionally upstream and our heritage of an American pastime and driving on my rose all over the world have spent a lot of time effort and resources into making horse riding a pleasurable get passionate Pursuit for the willing Riders (Thompson, McGreevy McManus, 2015). In order to make the ride experience memorable pleasurable and safe, a legit riding School Training is a must required thing. For that reason a highly efficiently operative successful riding school is required. There are hundreds and thousands of driving schools out there in the market but in order to obtain the best experience and chain in horse riding to make the passion of horse riding into a reality using successful is absolutely required. Considering the Australian market house riding is one of the elite and passionate hobbies and therefore there are an abundance of horse riding schools. This assignment will focus on the hypothetical horse training school chosen and how the management can be improved to a certain best quality experience provided to the customers of the Riding School (Ross Dyson, 2010). Strategic planning of a successful riding school: It has to be understood that a good riding school only operates in the vision and leadership of a critically organized and there are titillated strategic plans that will it and the success of the Riding School. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the planning organization leadership and control in a driving school and how that played in the success and prosperity of the writer school in the market along with that make a string of recommendations how to overcome the contemporary management challenges that itself in the school operation and environment (Pickering et al., 2010). In order to evaluate and analyze the aspects of a good Riding School the first Recommendation of elements of a good management team in a riding school is the strategic planning that will incorporate and encompass all the aspects and the Welfare of internal and external stakeholders associated with the Riding School to ensure the riding school is in a successful and progressive growth pattern for the fut ure. Study start suggest that strategic planning is the one element that we incorporate innovativeness and Organization in a positive manner to ensure the best output for all the stakeholders associated with any organization. The successful management of arriving school is not much different from that is well and strategic planning is a master in order to ascertain growth and success for the Riding School (Normando et al., 2011). Economic or financial planning: The first aspect that needs to be considered in a strategic planning for a good and successful riding school is economic or financial planning of the Riding School. With out a sound and well articulated economic planning it is impossible to attain good reputation and success in the Riding School market. Studies suggest that a good marketing plan that covers all the economic needs and requirements of a horse riding school action coming out the economic growth graph of the riding school and implement improvisations and cost cutting activities to ensure that the resources that the writing school has its pocket is utilised in the best manner. In a good and effective economic plan for arriving School must incorporate expenses for the Welfare and health of the animals that are capital Driving School. With out efficiency operating and healthy horses a Riding School cannot flourish. Along with that a sound economic plan for the riding schools must also incorporate including a trainer staff a nd good writing instructors that can profile the best friend experiences to the customers of the riding school. Other than that investing in good infrastructure and protective gear can never go wrong with the growth of the Riding School. Hence the economic plan was also incorporate budget and cost effective planning for incorporating contemporary models and Technologies for efficient and protective infrastructure inside the Riding School (Newsome, Lacroix Pickering, 2011). Legal planning: Effective horse riding school requires a plan and marketing and management plan that is sound and calculated in protecting all the aspects of trading business. As a horse riding school deals along with internal and external business marketing stakeholders deals with animals for the most part of the business there are a lot of the policies and legislative restrictions posed on the business and its growth. For example, in order to ensure that the horse training business of the riding school is efficient, the management team of the riding school master acknowledges the Welfare policies and restrictions that the regulatory authorities overlooking the animal welfare business have initiated (Greve Dyson, 2015). The animals are to be treated and maintained in a healthy and sanitary environment to ensure their best growth and health. And riding school must abide by the legal policies that protect the Welfare and health of the animals that it deals with. This policy is include providing heal thy food and sanitation to the animals and to protect them from any man behave your own maltreatment from either the instructor management of the riding school are the customers that the Riding School operates with (Garca-Gmez et al., 2014). Driving School also must and corporate legal policies and guidelines that protect the animals and the Welfare of the Riding School from the bad behavior or maltreatment of the customers. More often than not the lack of knowledge and education in the customers along with lack of straining the animals and the infrastructural property in the riding school is tarnished or damaged. Hands in the strategic legal signing the management must and corporate laws and policies protecting the biological and non biological properties of the riding school (Garbett, 2011). Organizational planning: An organizational structure or layout is the operational backbone of any organization. It is easily considered to be the structure of Skeleton based on which the entire business operations and processes run of an organization and the structure provides insight on the structural characteristics of the business (Gabriels et al., 2012). Hence planning of the organizational structure is also an important aspect of the strategic planning for growth and prosperity of any business corporation. Is the purpose of this assignment is on the growth and prosperity management of a horse riding school in Australian context, the organizational planning of the riding school needs emphasis in this discussion. The organizational layout generally can be described as the staffing, the customer service, machining processes, usage of the protective infrastructure, training shifts, and what not (Fureix et al., 2012). Planning to organizational lay out of the Riding School will require diverging in the environmental operational and organizational aspects of the Riding School. For example an effective and sound organizational planning of the Riding School will emphasize critical thinking to safeguard the Welfare and wellbeing of all the stakeholders human or not associated with the riding school. As mentioned above this planning will require curating the staffing arrangements along with recruitment that will suit the purpose and growth of the riding school the best. Along with that the planning management will also required to emphasize on the disposal of the uneconomic animals. Overall the organization of planning bill designed the entire operational environment of the riding school and helps the Riding School to operate in a promotional environment to its growth and success. The planning must incorporate or encompass (Elgker et al., 2012). The details on staffing recruiting and service provided to the customers. The animal welfare and animal treatment of the driving school along with uses of protective gears and infrastructural models is also a part of organizational planning that will provide a set of guidelines to the staff in structures and the learners that are associated with the Riding School (Dindo, Hahnloser Clavien, 2010). Studies suggest that customer feedback and customer behavior on the guidelines and organizational structure of the Riding School can provide us with the important information that will help improvise the business process of the riding school for the better (Davis Purcell, 2014). Hence the periodic organizational structural planning should take into account the customer feedback on the training processes staffing shifting and infrastructural arrangements of the Riding School. In the organizational planning animal welfare should also gain a place that will be the easiest route to exercise and enforce animal welfare and animal care in the staff and the learners. Hence the organization structuring will not only include the business process management to that will also include the legal policies and post within the guidelines and policies of the organizational structure to ensure that these policies are complied to in abundance (Buckley Ollenburg, 2013). Contemporary management challenge: Restrictions and hurdles a package deal when it comes to business management. In case of any business organisation there are a lot of challenges and hurdles that present itself in the everyday dealings. Hence a proper risk management test required for a business organisation to overcome the challenges that present itself on the daily basis in the business operations. In case of a Riding School as well challenges and hurdles are a common norm. There are a lot of contemporary challenges that may present itself in the business processes of a horse riding school. These challenges may be concerned with the customer behaviour the animal Welfare of the Organisational layout of the Riding School. The contemporary challenge chosen for this assignment is the need for Innovation and improvisation in the Riding School to match up with the market demands. Horse riding is a recreational Pursuit that was invented it is a go by the Hunters and gatherers. The activity has come a long way since then a nd there are plenty of infrastructural improvisation that has improved the centres of horse riding you are completely different standard. There are a number of technological innovations that can be incorporated in the business processes of a ride School to help propagate it towards the Pinnacle of success (Baum, 2011). These innovations can be incorporated in the animal welfare and economic animal disposition training procedures, use of protective gear and what not to make the riding school one of a kind in customer dealings and business process. Along with that the protective case that were once used in the horse training experience the bulky and very uncomfortable to wear while driving the animals (Anthony Brown, 2011). However this protected coverings where necessary to protect the writers from injuries or other casualties while driving the animals as the animals can be provoke to behave in any every manner that can lead to injuries for both the driver and the animal. Hence the uses of protected cares and head support are regulated necessity in case of riding horses or any other animals. The challenge that presents itself in this scenario is the most of the learners feel uncomfortable and irritated while wearing the bulky and heavy protective gears while riding the animals. And in most cases th ey refrain from wearing the protective Gears of this continue riding all together. Felt the need for innovation in the protective covering is a necessity to incorporate growth and success of the riding school and retain the customer base without compromising the safety of the customers. Now there is a lot of technological alternative that have found its way in the market which are less bulky and uncomfortable and can be bone easily by the learners without compromising their comfort and flexibility wild riding the animals. These protective gears can be made out of leather or semi leather material complete with a protective metal shingles for the chest and head which will protect the learner if he or she might fall during the learning sessions (Abbott, Newsome Palmer, 2010). Conclusion: Equestrianism or horseback riding is an ancient Pursuit that has its roots planted centuries ago in the human civilization. Back in the 18th century by transportation West limited to Horses and cattles horse riding was not just Aamir recreational activity that was the only means of transportation for normal civilians and the police. Hans it is common knowledge that horse riding has a heritage encompassing centuries and is a passionate Pursuit even now as a Elite recreational activity. It is no longer just recreational activity either it is now considered to be an Olympic sport and is of immense reputation and requires extreme skills. Hence the popularity or demand of horse riding schools is ever present all over the globe. However alike any business related operational activity there are many aspects both economic environmental legal and operational that may way down the efficiency and progress of a riding school in this current scenario. It must be mentioned that animal welfare has been neglected and abused extremely in the years that left to immense damage to the biodiversity of our mother nature. Hence the regulatory authorities of animal welfare has imposed and enforced number of finding and strict legal policies that has to be complied to when dealing with animals in any manner. The legalities and the economic influx in this dynamic economy that will live in Bose is a number of challenges and hotels in the part for the riding schools as well. The customer demands and preferences also play a major role in defining the growth pattern for the driving schools and the management. Hence the contemporary challenges that present itself from time to time in this scenario has to be dealt with strategic plan ning and well curate actions as explained in this case scenario. References: Abbott, E., Newsome, D., Palmer, S. (2010).A case study analysis of horse riding and its management in a peri-urban setting. CRC for Sustainable Tourism. Anthony, D. W., Brown, D. R. (2011). The secondary products revolution, horse-riding, and mounted warfare.Journal of World Prehistory,24(2-3), 131. Baum, J. A. (2011). Free-riding on power laws: Questioning the validity of the impact factor as a measure of research quality in organization studies.Organization,18(4), 449-466. Buckley, R., Ollenburg, C. (2013). Tacit knowledge transfer: Cross-cultural adventure.Tourism Tribune,23(10), 87-92. Davis, G. A., Purcell, L. K. (2014). The evaluation and management of acute concussion differs in young children.British journal of sports medicine,48(2), 98-101. Dindo, D., Hahnloser, D., Clavien, P. A. (2010). Quality assessment in surgery: riding a lame horse.Annals of surgery,251(4), 766-771. Elgker, H., Pinzke, S., Nilsson, C., Lindholm, G. (2012). Horse riding posing challenges to the Swedish Right of Public Access.Land Use Policy,29(2), 274-293. Fureix, C., Jego, P., Henry, S., Lansade, L., Hausberger, M. (2012). Towards an ethological animal model of depression? A study on horses.PLoS One,7(6), e39280. Gabriels, R. L., Agnew, J. A., Holt, K. D., Shoffner, A., Zhaoxing, P., Ruzzano, S., ... Mesibov, G. (2012). Pilot study measuring the effects of therapeutic horseback riding on school-age children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,6(2), 578-588. Garbett, D. (2011). Horse riding 101: The role of experience in reframing teacher education practices.Studying Teacher Education,7(01), 65-75. Garca-Gmez, A., Risco, M. L., Rubio, J. C., Guerrero, E., Garca-Pea, I. M. (2014). Effects of a program of adapted therapeutic horse-riding in a group of autism spectrum disorder children.Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology,12(1), 107-128. Greve, L., Dyson, S. (2015). Saddle fit and management: An investigation of the association with equine thoracolumbar asymmetries, horse and rider health.Equine veterinary journal,47(4), 415-421. Ireland, J. L., Clegg, P. D., McGowan, C. M., McKane, S. A., Pinchbeck, G. L. (2011). A cross?sectional study of geriatric horses in the United Kingdom. Part 1: Demographics and management practices. Equine veterinary journal, 43(1), 30-36. Newsome, D., Lacroix, C., Pickering, C. (2011). Adventure racing events in Australia: context, assessment and implications for protected area management.Australian Geographer,42(4), 403-418. Normando, S., Meers, L., Samuels, W. E., Faustini, M., dberg, F. O. (2011). Variables affecting the prevalence of behavioural problems in horses. Can riding style and other management factors be significant?.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,133(3), 186-198. Pickering, C. M., Hill, W., Newsome, D., Leung, Y. F. (2010). Comparing hiking, mountain biking and horse riding impacts on vegetation and soils in Australia and the United States of America.Journal of environmental management,91(3), 551-562. Pickering, C., Castley, J. G., Hill, W., Newsome, D. (2010). Environmental, safety and management issues of unauthorised trail technical features for mountain bicycling.Landscape and urban planning,97(1), 58-67. Ross, M. W., Dyson, S. J. (2010).Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse. Elsevier Health Sciences. Thompson, K., McGreevy, P., McManus, P. (2015). A critical review of horse-related risk: A research agenda for safer mounts, riders and equestrian cultures.Animals,5(3), 561-575. Visser, E. K., Van Wijk-Jansen, E. E. (2012). Diversity in horse enthusiasts with respect to horse welfare: An explorative study.Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research,7(5), 295-304.

Fall Out Boy - Infinity on High free essay sample

â€Å"Can you believe that they are all out West this year? I wish that theyd come to Jersey because I am dying to see them live!† I said to my friend on the phone, referring to Fall Out Boy. â€Å"Ive never heard them. Are they any good?† she replied. â€Å"Yeah! I love them! But they dont have any new CDs out so Im still listening to Infinity on High,† I concluded. Infinity on High is the latest release from the alternative rock band Fall Out Boy. It came out in February of 2007, produced by Island Records. The band is made up of Joe Trohman on guitar, Patrick Stump with vocals, Andy Hurley on drums, and Pete Wentz on bass. This cd caught my attention simply because it was a new Fall Out Boy cd. Even though, by sampling some of the songs, I found that I would have bought it even if it wasnt FOB. We will write a custom essay sample on Fall Out Boy Infinity on High or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Catchy, fun, unique lyrics and constant, contagious beats get you into the cd. Songs such as â€Å"Hum Hallelujah† are rhythmic and uplifting in a way that they really dont seem to be. Lyrics talk about life, love, and everything in between. Once again Patrick Stumps voice proved to be captivatingly stunning. Fall Out Boy was aiming to create yet another phenomenal cd. They were ultimately successful, only falling short on track 6, Golden. It sounded like there was no effort or passion put into the song; it was just a space filler on a cd of wonderfully composed music. So if you are looking for another good cd or if you were thinking about getting into alternative music, look no further. Infinity on High is an enjoyably addictive composure of 14 songs that are, more than anything, amazing and unique. Now back to that conversation: â€Å"They do sound pretty cool. Maybe some time Ill borrow your cd,† my friend told me. â€Å"Cool! I think youll like them,† I replied as I hung up my phone.

Child Abuse and Protective Environment Essay Example

Child Abuse and Protective Environment Essay Example Child Abuse and Protective Environment Paper Child Abuse and Protective Environment Paper Sexual abuse has many different views on it, t could be speaking to someone in an explicit way, expose them to pornography, or may expose their private areas to them. Neglect is the most common reported form Of child abuse. An example Of neglect is when parents do not feed, clothe, or clean their child. Another example is when parents may fail to care for their childs basic physical, emotional, disciplinary, and/or educational needs. And shaken baby syndrome, it could happen to babies and very small children, it happens when parents or guardian violently hakes them, which causes fractured bones, organ injuries, and severe brain damage, and for the ones who survive are often left with mental disabilities. 2. What types of physical care must a parent provide an infant child? The types of physical care a parent must provide to their infant child are being bathed, keeping them on a clean diaper, and having the baby dressed and fed. . What are some strategies for helping a child cope with stress? Some strategies that could help a child cope with stress are helping the child figure UT ways to solve their problems, learn what is causing the child to stress, avoid taking frustration out on child, and creating a violent free home. Critical Thinking Questions 1 . What is the difference between a protective environment and nurturing environment? The differences between a protective environment and a nurturing environment is the protecting environment is where the child is protected from violence and abuse, while the nurturing environment is where you have to do more than protect the child form violence and danger, you also have to pay attention to your childs physical and emotional needs. 2. How does a child needs change as they grow through development stages from infancy to teen years? How do special needs children differ? Childrens needs change when they become Older because, they are experiencing new things as they age and when your younger you dont have anything to worry about because you dont understand the world and teens they are older and more mature and knows a little about themselves. Special needs children fifer because they will need attention 24/7 because they have different needs from the rest of us.

Philosophy of Language Senior Course Paper Essay

Philosophy of Language Senior Course Paper - Essay Example When a mathematician is presented with the equation, 38 + 16, instinctively, the mathematician would respond by adding the two terms while computing for its sum. Thus, the mathematician would reply, claiming that the sum of 38 and 16 is equal to 54. Given this example, what does ‘+’ mean? Does the mathematician really know what was meant by ‘+’ in the equation? Does it pertain to the computational procedure for adding two values, or does it pertain to something else? How can one tell what the mathematician meant? This paper will attempt to formulate a sufficient theory of meaning with regards to the use of ‘+.’ In doing so, I will argue that an intensional framework must be taken into account as opposed to a purely extensional framework. From a general perspective, the issue revolves around the relation between two fundamental concepts, truth and meaning. Truth, from a logical point of view, has traditionally been thought of as extensional. So t he truth of a given expression is associated with it’s meaning in terms of logical structure, reference, and truth-value. This move of neglecting meaning in relation to that of the sense of a given expression is what this paper shall argue against by using ‘+’ as its test case throughout the paper. For herein, to say that 36 + 16 = 54 could mean two things: ‘36 plus 16,’ and ‘36 quus 16,’ with both referring to 54. It is in this regard that a theory of intensions must be taken into account. For, if a person is presented with an equation involving ‘+’, how can one know as to whether that person meant ‘+’ as plus or ‘+’ as quus? What makes the interlocutor assume what is being referred to by the use of ‘+’? Herein is where the problem of rule following comes into light, for if what we are after is semantics, then it seems paradoxical that we refer to general rules from which a class parti cipates in. Rule following applies in the level of syntax, for verifying what the individual knows privately is not required in such cases. Indeed, the problem with ‘+’, as explicated by Kripke is that ‘+’ is understood to represent a semantic rule rather than a syntactical rule, and a semantic rule following leads to several problems with regards to the meaning and truth of ‘+’ statements. Thus, Kripke argues that â€Å"it is possible to construct an unlimited range of related but non-equivalent semantic rules, incorporating the potential truth conditions C1, C2, †¦ Cn respectively, such that there are simply no facts at all about the speaker’s use of ‘+’ that determines which, if any, of these possible rules the speaker has actually adopted† (Wilson, 2006, p.155). Therefore, this points towards the problem of indeterminacy, since according to Kripke, discovering the truth conditions of the speaker’s use of + is not possible, since there is no specific semantic rule that underlies one’s use of ‘+’, regardless of its truth function. However, this creates a problem with regards to the use of ‘+’ in language, for if ‘+’ could mean several things at the same time and in the same respect, then that would lead to the ambiguity of ‘+’ which cannot be, for it is used in disciplines such as mathematics and logic. It is a common thing

Contrast & comparison Death & Dying between developed & developing Assignment

Contrast & comparison Death & Dying between developed & developing countries - Assignment Example This system has partially grown out of a societal-wide understanding in the need for ethical health care services to individuals in all stages of health. Although countries in Africa do not devote a high level of resources towards caring for the dying, the health care system in the United States sees this task as an obligation that cannot be ignored. Many African nations are of the collective opinion that existing health care services should be devoted towards those that can make the most use of them; not those that are all but certain to die. Similarly, nations within the developing world do not have the overall options of healthcare that the United States exhibits. Not only does this place an extraordinarily difficult psychological burden on the family members or loved ones of the individual, it also creates a dynamic in which the potential to earn money to support oneself or one’s family is inherently reduced. This sometimes involves a situation in which the individual is o ften required to stay home and care for the dying individual. This of course restricts such people from having the opportunity to earn a living (Ranjit, 2012). The differential in cost between death and dying United States as compared to the developing world is quite large. The overall financial hardship that death and dying represents within the United States is easier to deal with; as compared to the overall financial hardship that is exhibited elsewhere throughout the world. This is of course the result of the fact that individuals within the developing world face a situation in which the loss of employment could be potentially disastrous in terms of the overall health, standard of living, or well-being of the

Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development Essay

Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development - Essay Example The credit crunch has implications both on recruitment and selection on one hand and training and development on the other hand of human resources across organisations in the United Kingdom such as Standard Chartered (Amyx, 2004, pp121-9). The rate of unemployment increases releasing the tensions associated with shortage of skills. But where the skill shortages result from the constraints of supply side, then the tension remains. Similarly, the skills arose from buoyant demand will disappear (Venugopal Reddy, 2010, pp256-289). The tight search for talents will continue after recession at a comparatively lower level. Additionally, the management of talents is focused on the retention of strategic personnel. The rate of growth for wages will be moderate, but will shrink mostly in sectors where a significant proportion of the pay benefits comprise bonuses due to the need to reduce costs (Allison, 2013, pp178-234). The company will have to revise its current salary schemes as it tries to look for cheaper means to finance its activities. The earnings of the public sector will trigger industrial unrest as negotiations for wages will become more difficult with the trade unions. Marx explains the credit crisis from the perspective of the business cycle. The business cycle refers to the booms and slumps in an economy. He explains the occurrence of the boom as when invest heavily while anticipating generation of huge profits. This results into competition among the firms. Consequently, output expands rapidly. The investments by firms to widen their profit bases again create an opportunity for other firms which supply them with capital goods, for example machinery, and other products. The economy experiences booms as more output is produced and reduced unemployment rates (Amyx, 2004, pp121-9). This boom does not last as accumulation of capital with time reduces the profits made by the companies. According to Marx, the

E-commerce website

E-commerce website Introduction This document consists of a project designed to construct an E-Commerce website for a mobile phone store. Using different methodologies this report will explain in depth how the website was constructed and whether this project was a success. The website allows users shop online for mobile phones and mobile phone accessories. The website consists of many features, which aid the users in locating their desired item i.e. powerful search engine, language translator and easy to use guided navigation menu. These features facilitate users in pin pointing the exact product they are looking for. The website is based around a mobile phone store located in Victoria Greater London. The store is called E Cell Mobile and is a small PLC, which sells mobile phones and accessories. This website has been constructed for the sole purpose of helping the company expand their business to a vast range of customers and to increase company revenue. In order to achieve this goal there were a couple meetings that were held between the developer (me) and the storeowner. During these meetings it was decided that one of the most efficient ways to accomplish this goal, was to create a website to reach out to customers. This should help increase company revenue as well as, being cost efficient given that it is not very costly to run a website, if compared to opening another store. An administrator account has been created, which is to be used by the storeowner. This account was created to allow simple and efficient maintenance of the website. With the use of this account the administrator has access to the whole website and can easily edit data with use of a simple GUI, no PHP knowledge is needed. This would be a great benefit to the storeowner since he can very easily maintain the site. This account allows the admin to add more products using the CSV Import Function, add/edit/delete customers and/or product data and much more. The payment aspect of the website is dealt by PayPal. Once a user selects an item they wish to buy they are redirected to PayPals SSL page. It is made clear to the user that they do not need a PayPal account in order to purchase an item on the website. Once the user is redirected to PayPals secure payment page, they can select the option to pay by direct debit or credit card. If there are any discrepancies with payment then E Cell cannot be held responsible and the case shall go to PayPals accounts department. Analysis During the stage at which the PID was constructed there were a few aspects, which were overlooked. Throughout the analysis phase of this report there will be a few stages from the PID that will be extended, rearranged and added. This project is based around a mobile phone company that does not have an online system. All transactions, customer details and product information are stored on a database that is located on the shop floor. The system that is used to interact with day-to-day customers is pretty slow and lags most of the time. The system that is currently being used is called Metasys. This particular software is a database system, which stores customer and product information. When the store gets a new customer, a staff member inputs the customers details manually into the database. All products are added to the database through a Point of Sale System (POS). Now after doing a bit of research it was discovered that this company (Metasys) was no longer in business and as a result no upgrades are available for this software. To get an idea of how bad the current system was, a few surveys were designed and given out to staff members on the shop floor (these can be seen in Appendix B). Judging by the results received from this assessment it was clear to see that a new system needed to be put in place. Below is a list that has been devised to show the problems with the current system: System often freezes when taking down customer information The database can be very slow at times when accessing large amounts of data Does not have the latest security updates due to the company no longer being in business Opening and closing the database sometimes leads to corruption of data. The system can be slow to respond to common tasks such as View Customer Info A secondary issue that needs to be discussed is that this particular company (E Cell Mobile) would like to expand their business and reach out to a larger customer base and therefore increasing the businesses revenue. The company does not wish to open a new store since this would require a large sum of money, which the organization cannot afford. This project proposes to replace this old system with a new a modern way of doing business. The new system needs to be faster, easy to maintain and a lot more reliable. Although the current database running on the shop floor has a lot of disadvantages there is one positive aspect that allows new mobile phones that arrive for delivery to be added to the database quickly and easily. This is the POS (Point of Sale) system currently used by the employees at E Cell. When a bunch of mobile phones arrive for delivery, a staff member uses an electronic laser to scan the bar codes; these are displayed on the packaging of all the mobile phones. After a particular product has been scanned it will automatically be added to the companys database. E Cell also receives an electronic spreadsheet from their supplier, which consists of all the items that have been delivered to them on that specific date. The point of sale system is a great method for populating information into database. It is fast, simple and requires minimal effort. In order for this project to be a success it is important that this particular method for adding information to the companys database is either improved upon or kept the same. If for any reason the POS system is removed and another system is put into place, then this new system must be able to perform tasks, which are faster and much simpler then the point of sale system. Aims Objectives Every project consists of a number of goals, which need to be achieved. These goals decipher whether the project will be a success or a failure. A successful project would have met and accomplished each target. The main aim of this project is to create a product, which resolves the problems that are encountered by the current system. Below is a list of aims and objectives for this particular project. Some of these aims and objectives that were looked at during the project initiation stage have been changed and modified. There has been an addition of some new goals to the list. The list below has been based around, how appalling the current system is and if a new system was to be created what would it need in order to be successful. Aims: The system should be easy to navigate around Buying an item should be fast and efficient The system must be user friendly The system must be faster and more reliable than the old system The admin should be able to add/delete/edit customer and product information Objectives: To provide a mobile system that allows users to purchase mobile phones and accessories. Allow users to create their own customer account online. To provide an interface usable by less literate computer users. Allow users to save any transactions that have been made Provide users with tracking info so they can track their purchase As mentioned in the project initiation document this project will take the DSDM approach. DSDM states that in order to achieve maximum business benefit and a fully working system that is fit for purpose; one must outline the user/business requirements and aim to accomplish them all. DSDM uses an excellent prioritisation method called MoSCoW. This prioritisation method outlines the crucial requirements that need to be achieved in order to get a system fit for purpose. All requirements shown in the Must Have section below have to be completed in order for this project to be successful. MoSCoW Prioritization Must Have Users must be able to buy a mobile phone online (M1) System must contain search parameters to allow ease of use (M2) Site should be user friendly (M3) Admin should be able to add/delete/edit product and customer information (M4) POS system needs to be improved upon or left as it is (M5) Should Have The user is contacted via email once they have made a purchase (S1) The user can email a staff member if they have a question (S2) Could Have Google Maps to display location of shop (C1) An online chat client to answer user queries (C2) Wont Have Selling mobile tariffs (All mobile phones will be pay-as-you-go and not on contract) (W1) All of the requirements of the Moscow prioritization have been tagged e.g. M1, M2, S1, W1 etc. The reason they have been tagged is because they will be referred to as M1, M2, S1 etc during the implementation phase of this report. Requirements There are certain sets of requirements that need to be achieved when creating this new system. These requirements are split into two sections, Functional and Non-Functional. These are outlined below. Functional requirements Multiple transactions can be made at the same time Customers can add items to a shopping basket Customers can view, edit and remove items from shopping basket Customer is notified via email when purchase is complete Non-Functional Guided navigation menu makes browsing easy for the user Transactions can be completed using multiply currencies Availability System will be up 24/7 with minimum down time Accessibility The system can be viewed in other languages other than English Requirements Table A central list of requirements was constructed by the client, these have been listed below. Each of these requirements need to be met otherwise this project will be a failure since the final product will not be fit for purpose. The client gave a larger list of requirements (shown in Appendix D) however the requirements listed in table below is what the client has said to be mandatory prerequisites and thus need to be completed. Feasibility Study In the feasibility study the following areas will be looked at, project risk analysis, cost benefit analysis and stakeholder analysis. Project Risk Analysis Cost Benefit Analysis Since this is a student project there wont be a huge budget. The software that will be used to create this product will either be freeware or already available to the developer. As a result cost will be kept to a minimal. In terms of hardware, a pc/laptop is already available since the University provides this and electrical fees/bills will also be covered by the University. If the system is to be hosted online then these fees will be paid by E Cell Mobile although a free hosting provider will be the first priority. Stakeholder Analysis Managing stakeholders is an important factor in order for this project to be successful. Below is a list of all the stakeholders involved in this project i.e. people that are affected by the work that is done, who influence or have power over it or have an interest in its successful or unsuccessful conclusion. Vishal Verma (Project Manager/Developer) The developers role will be to manage the project, make sure all milestones are met and that the final product is produced within the set deadline. Jim Johnston (Client/General Manager) Jim will be the first point of contact. He manages most of the staff and deals with all sales related aspects. Dean Forster (Store Manager/Company Owner) Dean is the owner of the store and will be the second point of contact. Project Method Approach There is one main objective, which needs to be fulfilled in order for this project to be a success. The new E Cell Mobile system needs to be fit for purpose. A system that is fit for purpose will ideally meet all user/business requirements of this project. Below is a quote from Harvey and Green (1993) that explains what fit for purpose actually is. Quality is thus judged in terms of the extent to which the product or service fits its purpose. This notion is quite remote from the idea of quality as something special, distinctive, elitist, conferring status, or difficult to attain. It is a functional definition of quality rather than an exceptional one. If something does the job it is designed for then it is a quality product or service. (p.16) Every product and service has the potential to fit its purpose and thus be a quality product or service. Fitness for purpose has emerged as the fashionable way to harness the drive for perfection. The ultimate measure of perfection, zero defects, may be excellent as a definition of quality but runs the fatal risk of being perfectly useless. If the product does not fit its purpose then its perfection is irrelevant. (p.17) This specific project will be using the DSDM approach, this is because by using the DSDM approach the project itself will be carefully planned e.g. MoSCoW, timeboxing, facilitated workshops etc. At times it can be very easy for a project manager to become unorganized especially if the project has not been planned and as result, the final results may be below satisfactory. Due to this reason MoSCoW prioritisation has been discussed earlier on in this report so that the project manager/developer and the client know what exactly the final product will contain. In conjunction to the management of this project, DSDM Atern will be the main forefront. This technique mainly focuses on Time, Cost and Quality. Figure 1 below (Atern Approach) states that Time, Cost, Quality is fixed and will not be changed throughout the projects life cycle, whereas features can be manipulated since it is a variable. The traditional approach to this is the complete opposite and will be avoided since quality should never be compromised. Facilitated Workshops Facilitated workshops are part of the DSDM Atern development approach. Since this project uses the Atern management method it was vital to incorporate the facilitated workshop technique into this project. By using an interactive environment, effective group dynamics and visual aids, facilitated workshops are designed to extract high quality of information in a compressed time frame in order to meet the predetermined set of deliverables. By constructing these workshops it will make it easier to achieve the targets that have been set from the beginning. The project manager will act as the facilitator and arrange these meetings. Information that maybe be discussed in the workshops is as follows: Who is the target audience? How can the business reach out to customers? Advertising Sponsorship The list is just a small number of topics that maybe be discussed during the workshops. It is vital that all the project stakeholders attend these meetings. Facilitated workshops will give the project manager an overview of what needs to be done and the time everything needs to be completed in. Design During the design phase of this project there were a number of solutions that came to mind. The new system that is to be created must overcome the problems faced by the old outdated/system. Below is a list of solutions that could be implemented to solve the problems discussed during the analysis phase. Rebuild the system on the shop floor. Install new database software and get faster and more reliable hardware to cater for the new database. Build a website to cater for customers, this will also have an online database Open a new branch in order expand the business Two of the solutions shown above (Rebuilding the system and opening a new branch) just do not seem feasibly. Opening a new branch would just to be too costly and would require a lot more man power, effort and time which the company does not have. In terms of rebuilding the new system, the cost of installing a new database and installing new hardware was just too high and above the companys budget. The only measurable idea was to create a website; this would be cost efficient and require minimal effort. The final solution was to create an E-Commerce website. This website will be online 24/7, and as a result can be accessed by staff members anytime of the day/night. Employees will no longer need to go to the shop floor to access the database. The website will contain an administrator account that will only be able to be accessed by staff members. This account will give access to the companys database, which will include access to product details, customer information and any transactions that have taken place. Users will be able to go onto this website buy a mobile phone (or any mobile accessories), add the item to a basket and then pay for it. PayPal will handle the payment system so the business will have the peace of mind that their money is safe and secure and so will the customers. The way the payment system will work is once the user has added an item to their shopping basket they will have the option to checkout. The checkout page will give the user a brief description (preliminary invoice) of the transaction, this will include; item description and total price. On this page it will be made clear to the user that they will be paying via PayPal and that a PayPal account is not necessary need in order to make a payment. Once the user accepts these conditions they will be redirected to PayPals payment page, this is where account details such as bank account number, sort code are entered. PayPal will verify this information and send out two emails. The first email will be sent to the customer verifying payment and the second email will be sent to the administrator of the site which will contain an invoice of that particular transaction. Once payment has been confirmed by PayPal the administrator can deliver the item to the customers address. Tracking of all delivered items will be provided to all customers. There will be a Tracking section on the website which will give a detailed explanation on how customers can track their purchased products. The way the tracking system will work is once the payment has been confirmed by PayPal the administrator will post the item via Royal Mail/DHL to the customers address. Royal Mail/DHL will then provide the administrator with a tracking number. This particular number will be posted to the customer via email. The customer can then visit Royal Mails/DHLs website (the link for this is provided in the email) and enter the transaction number to get a rough idea of when their purchased item will be arriving. Organisational Benefits By creating an E-Commerce website it will tackle all the problems the company is currently facing and also, it will be very cheap to run and maintain. Below is a list outlining the benefits of opening an E-Commerce store for E Cell Mobile. Expand business Interact with a larger customer base Increase company revenue Faster and more reliable system Easy to maintain Secure Software Tools To develop the website the following languages/tools/software will be used: PHP/PHP Editor This will be used as the server side code. PHP will be used to communicate with the MySQL database. AJAX AJAX will be helpful since you can update part of a webpage without refreshing the whole content. So in this case the user can enter a search query and instead of refreshing the whole page the results for the search are shown instantly Jscript/jQuery Guided navigation menu MySQL All customer/product data will be stored on a MySQL database. Adobe Flash Flash player will be used on the home page in order attract the audience to the website. Swish This program will be used to create a flash video. Although this program is not freeware it is still possible to use the 30 day trial period. phpMyAdmin By using the easy to use GUI provided by phpMyAdmin it will make it a lot easier to manage the MySQL database. CSS/HTML/XML Designing the website (Aesthetics) Adobe Photoshop Constructing the company logo Quick n Easy FTP Uploading files to the server Apache v2.5 To enable local host a web server needs to be initialised ergo Apache will be utilised. Prototyping Since this project will use an agile approach it was important to build a horizontal prototype. This allows the developer to construct the product in an iterative cycle and therefore achieving better functionality. The horizontal prototype is the man-machine interface (MMI). At first a quick sketch is drawn on a piece of paper in order to get an idea of what is to be done. To make a prototype for the E Cell Mobile system, the website www.gomockingbird.com was utilised. These prototype models can be seen on page 15 (Figure 4, 4.1, 4.2 etc) During the horizontal prototyping surface interface software functionalities were not working but by creating a sketch (using the go mockingbird website) it allowed the developer to achieve a perception test. This helped to evaluate how easily other users could understand the interface. During the perception test users were just shown a bunch of windows and buttons, on a piece of paper. The users were then asked to explain what they understand from the information displayed before them. The results for the perceptions test can be seen in Appendix C Horizontal prototyping allows the developer to check the behavior of the interface and decipher the vital points, where usability inconsistencies are likely to appear. After completing the horizontal prototype, and in order to get a full analysis of the user interface, another set of tests was done. These tests are known as Vertical Prototyping. This helped to implement a consistent set of functionalities in order to allow the user to achieve a typical scenario of usability. These tests were only done after the GUI was 90% complete. At this stage the prototyping consisted of a series of user tests during, which the vital points raised throughout the horizontal prototyping phase are evaluated. Usability Test This specific test allows identifying of usability problems and analysing their cause with the users. The user is given the system and allowed to beta test it in any way they like. Solutions are elaborated and implemented during this stage of the prototype and as a result may change the final look and feel of the system. The results for this particular test can be seen in Appendix E. This test was constructed after the website was completed. If any discrepancies were found during these tests then website was modified accordingly. GUI Design Before the implementation phase a few screen designs were constructed. This gave a rough idea of how the website should be built. These screen designs were shown to a random bunch of users in order to assess the usability of the interface (Perception testing Appendix C) The customer must enter their user name password into these fields in order to login. By using the Forgot Password? link the user can input their email address which they used to register with the website, and a new password will be sent to this email address. By checking the Remember Me? check box a cookie will be added to the users internet explorer folder. This means the user will no longer need to type in their user name and password every time they visit this page. Product Details These are images of the product Breadcrumb trail; the user can use these links to go back and forth. This section of the page displays information regarding the product. The user can use this link to tell a friend about a product listed on this page. Necessary information such as friends name, email etc must be filled out The information in the Captcha must be entered to verify that you are human and not a bot. A message can be written regarding the contents of this email. A short description of the company such as when it started and who is involved in the organisation. Contact information will also be shown in this section e.g. address, email telephone etc. Using the Google Maps API, E Cell Mobiles location will be shown on this interactive map. UML Case Diagram Below is a case diagram for the system that is to be built. It displays two Actors, the User and the Administrator. In the middle is the system where all calculations and processes are made. The user (customer) is able to perform a number of functions, such as searching for an item they wish to buy, adding that specific item to a basket, emailing the site owner etc. The Administrator is able to perform high priority decisions such as viewing all customer transactions, removing or adding customer and product information etc. The ERM diagram shown in figure 6 displays the different types of tables that will be used in order to create the database. Each table has a different number of attributes and each attribute has its own data type. Each table has its own primary key; this is a unique identifier for every table and is not repeated. Some tables include foreign keys; this is a referential constraint between two tables. The entity relationships between each table can clearly be seen by the bold and dotted lines. Certain tables have a one to one relationship whereas some may have a one to zero relationship. This ERM model was constructed using MySQL Workbench. This is a freeware program provided by MySQL. Information is taken from a phpMyAdmin database and then converted into an ERM model automatically. Below is a brief description of each table in the database. Admin Users: This table holds details for all the administrators. Administrators are split into two categories; Super User and User. An administrator classed as a super user will have full control over the website and an administrator classed as user will be able to control certain aspects of the website. Search: This table holds details for all search related queries posed by the user. If a user searches for Apple iPhone then this particular search request will be recorded in to this table. This is mainly for the administrator to view and analyse what the most popular search requests are. As a result the admin can cater for the users needs. For example, a large number of users search for the same mobile phone however, there is no such phone is listed in the database. The administrator can view this particular search query and cater for the users needs by adding that specific handset model to the database and thus increasing sales. Brands: This table will hold details for all the different types of brands of mobile phones and their related images. Order Summary: Once the user has bought a product, the details of that particular transaction will accumulate in this table. This table will hold information such as customer details, product details and the total price of that particular sale. Towards the finalization of a transaction the customer is shown a summary page, this consists of details regarding their purchase. This information is taken from the Oder Summary table. Inventory: This table holds details of all the products in the database; this will include attributes such as price, description, name etc. Order Inventory: All transactions that are made will be stored in this table. Customer: This table holds customer details such address, phone number, postcode etc. Activity Diagram The Activity diagram (Figure 7), displays how the new system will work. The current system works in a similar way however orders are not shipped to the customer, since the customer is already in store when making the purchase. The new system will be online and therefore when a customer makes a purchase their item will be delivered to their specified destination. An invoice will also be sent to the customer via email. The invoice will be sent to the users registered email address. Once payment has been made through PayPal, they administrator will be notified by PayPal, via an email outlining the transaction details and confirmation of payment. Dataflow Diagram (New/Improved User Interface) The dataflow diagram below shows a brief outline of how the user interface will look like for the new E Cell Mobile system. The diagram explains some user interactions such as, the user can search or browse for a product, items can be added to a shopping basket etc. From the flowchart we can clearly see that it is not obligatory for the user to login in order to search or browse the site however, in order to purchase an item it is mandatory that all users register and login. Hosting When building a website it is crucial to setup a web server. This can either be hosted on your own personal computer or hosting can be bought. There are a number of advantages/disadvantages for hosting online and from your pc. As the developer of this project it is important to choose the correct hosting method so that it does not affect the development of the system. Below is a list of two hosting methods that can be used, each method has its pros and cons. Localhost Localhost means this computer and is donated by an IP address of 127.0.0.1. It can be used to host content to the World Wide Web. There is no charge for this since content is hosted from you own computer. In order for localhost to wor,k a web server needs to be installed. Since this website will be using a large database, MySQL and PHP also need to be installed. The two main web servers out there today are Apache and IIS. As the developer of this project it is important to decipher which one of these is the best web server to use for this project. After doing a bit of research the following results were obtained. IIS and Apache operate very differently and thus have a variety of advantages of disadvantages. IIS is designed and available to work only within the Windows environment. With IIS 6.0, the only platform currently supported is Windows Server 2003. Although this limits the deployment platf

The Need for New Management Models in Human Resources Essays -- Human

Thesis Statement: Advances in technology along with shifts in the nations’ social structure heavily impact the workplace environment, creating a need for new management models in Human Resources. I. The Changing Workplace A. An Historical Perspective of Jobs in America B. Jobs in the 21st Century II. Identifying Corporate Needs A. The Emergence of Human Resource Management as a Component of General Management. B. Corporate Expectations III. Developing Human Resource Policy A. What HRM Professionals Have to Say IV. Identifying Worker Needs A. Family VS Work B. The Working Environment C. Benefits and Compensation V. Where to From Here? - HRM Models for Innovation A. Motivation Theory B. Alternate Work Systems - a Comparrison Table This paper is written from the perspective that Human Resource Management (HRM) practices are continually evolving to meet the changes of dynamic work environments. New technologies, increasingly rapid exchanges of information, social paradigm shifts and the restructuring of family systems contribute heavily to the need to find and apply methods of HRM that meet the needs of industry, workers and consumers. To do so effectively, vision and creativity are required in addition to on-going awareness of the bottom line. The Changing Workplace At the opening of the 20th century, the majority of jobs in America were held in two areas, agriculture and industry. Population distribution tables for that time demonstrate that most of the nation inhabited rural areas rather than urban areas. This continued to be the trend up until WWII, when men left the country to fight and women left rural America to fill factory jobs as their contribution to the war effort. This movement was the beginning of nationwide workplace and societal changes that have accelerated during the last half of the 20th century. The move from rural to suburban environments changed the way we did business as a nation. Where extended families resided in and supported each other in culturally defined rural settings, nuclear families found themselves alone in homogenous neighborhoods. (1) This created a demand for goods and services that were formerly provided by extended family and community members, opening up new markets and creating jobs. It ... ...ss, 1997) 299 Biblography Primary Sources Collected Documents Nybor, Jan. Navy Times, 14 Sept. 1994 Pritchard, DeLao, Von Bergen, "A Feild Test of Expectancy - Valence Incentive Motivation Techniques," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance vol.15 Herzberg, Fredrick, "One More Time: How Do You Motivate Your Employees?" Harvard Business Review vol. 47 Electronic References US Bureau of Statistics Data Base Books Glenn, H. Stephen, Developing Capable People, Rockland CA: Prima Press 1989 Isenberg, Martin "A Short History of Human Resource Management," Strategic Human Resource Management Readings, (January 1994) University of Massachusetts Press Drucker, Peter F., Management Challenges for the 21st Century, New York: Harper-Collins, 1999 Dessler, Gary , Personnel Management, 4th Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1988 Kalleberg, R.P. Social Perspectives on Labor Markets, New York: Academic Press, 1991 Vroom, Victor H. Work and Motivation, New York: Wiley, 1964 Tushman & O'Rielly, Winning Through Innovation, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997

A Story of Three Progressives

A Story of Three Progressives Three classic theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber have discussed and analyzed the complexity of modernization. Modernization is a broad concept that refers to major social changes which occur when a pre-industrial society develops economically and the workplace shifts from the home to the factory (industrialization), people move from farms into cities where jobs are available (urbanization), and large-scale formal organizations emerge (bureaucratization). Each of these sociologists have developed major theoretical and methodological statements on the topic of modernization and many of their theories that were made a century or two ago still hold true today. Beginning with Karl Marx, an extreme revolutionary of the 19th century, he argued that modernization is an ascendancy of industrial capitalism. His idea of modernity was shaped by three developments in history: the French revolutions of 1789 and 1848, the industrial and agricultural revolutions in Britain, and the collapse of the church's intellectual credibility. Despite living his life when most of Europe was still agricultural and artisanal; most European states were still dominated by monarchical power; and most Europeans still went to church, Marx understood industrial labor and some of its future effects. Marx depicts modernization as a capitalist society working as a system, in which each group or individual works to fulfill the need of another. As soon as an individual enters a capitalist society, he is socialized into a certain role or behavior which fulfills the needs of that society (role meaning either a proletariat or a capitalist). For instance, if an individual is a proletariat he must work for a capitalist to satisfy the needs of the society. (cite communist manifesto somewhere). This division between the proletarians and the capitalists are enforced for the benefit of the owners so that they can exploit the working class for their own means, but the working class does not resist because this system has become normalized. The two classes work as a â€Å"team† and through a hierarchy create a productive society. Overall, Marx thinks of modernization as a world where individuals rely on each other to function, and each individual is assigned a role. Next, Emile Durkheim stressed that modernization involves an increased division of labor (specialized economic activity), and a shift from mechanical to organic solidarity. This academic discusses division of labor as a necessary tool for a productive society, but it is also a natural occurrence. Durkheim proceeds from the concept that the division is an organic outgrowth of a society in which different people have different interests and skills. Therefore, a society in which individuals specialize in producing a good or service will be more efficient than a society that is generalized. Durkheim’s view of modernization explains that iindividuals no longer perform the same tasks, have the same interests, nor necessarily share the same perspectives on life. But, Durkheim makes it clear that this does not cause a society to fail or disintegrate, instead organic solidarity is formed. Similar to the organs within a body, individuals perform certain specific functions, but rely on the well-being and successful performance of other individuals. If one organ fails, the rest of them fail as well. A body, or in this case a society, cannot function at all if one part crumbles. This reliance upon each other for social (and even physical) survival is the source of organic solidarity and the modern world’s interdependency in a society. Lastly, Max Weber analyzed modernization as the replacement of tradition with rationality. He felt that society will become more complicated, specialized, professionalized, and stratified in the modern world. Prayer and religion will no longer be aspects that fix and/or help solve problems. Science will be the rational way of thought and will be the dominate way of finding a solution. Specialization will result in professionalism, which in turn will bring more order to the modern world as every segment of every job will have a â€Å"specialist†. In general, modernization to Weber meant society will be controlled by managers and experts, and rationality will dictate the way of life. Each of these theorists have strong opinions on modernization and developed what they believe will be the effects of it in the future. Between Marx, Durkheim, and Weber, various theoretical arguments have been made, each being extremely progressive thoughts for the time period they lived in. Karl Marx thinks modernization leads to both good and bad outcomes. One outcome modernization leads to is alienation. Marx believed that alienation is a systematic result of capitalism, in which both the capitalist and proletariat become isolated. This theory is based upon his observation that, in emerging industrial production, under capitalism, workers inevitably lose control of their lives and selves in not having any control of their work. Thus, workers never become autonomous, self-realized human beings in any significant sense. Karl Marx attributes four types of alienation in labor under capitalism. The first type is when the worker becomes alienated from his own human potential. The workplace is no longer a place of fulfillment, but instead where the worker feels the least human and the least like himself. Ultimately, the worker becomes a machine that is controlled. The next type of alienation occurs between workers. This happens because capitalism reduces labor to a commodity to be traded on the market, rather than a true social relationship. Even if a worker is side by side another worker, he is unlikely to communicate with him due to the nature of capitalism (e. . an assembly line using technology does not allow one to speak with a fellow worker). Thirdly, the worker becomes alienated from the product itself. This occurs because the capitalist class controls the worker and in turn owns the product. In fact, a worker must buy the product he makes for the same price as anyone else. Lastly, a worker becomes alienated from the entire production process. This means that the actua l work becomes mindless, meaningless, and more than likely offers little or no intrinsic satisfactions. Similarly, a worker who performs a very specialized task may not even know what the final product will be. Another outcome Marx believes modernization leads to is social stratification. Social stratification means that working class people are not likely to advance socioeconomically, while the wealthy people may continue to exploit the proletariat generation after generation. Marx identified that the social classes are stratified based on their connection to the means of production and therefore the ruling class, bourgeoisie, and proletarians, maintain their social positions by maintaining their elationship with the means of production. This maintenance of status quo is achieved by various methods of social control employed by the bourgeoisie within many aspects of social life (e. g. religion). Marx also strongly believed modernization would cause products and/or commodities to have exchange value. This meant that instead of products being used immediately, they would be exchanged in the market for money or other objects. This use value is connected to the relationship between human needs and tangible objects that can satisfy those needs. For instance, shoes have the purpose of protecting ones feet and bread has the use value of satisfying hunger. If an individual chooses to trade one of these objects for the other than he has given each an exchange value. According to Marx, the various exchange values of commodities reflect the various amounts of labor, measured in time, that their production requires. Commodities and their use value lead to Marx’s idea on the â€Å"fetishism of commodities. † This is when the commodity takes on its own form. This can be something an individual produces or even one’s own labor. One’s own labor can even become a commodity, as it bought and sold and therefore requires an exchange value. This idea also relates to alienation mentioned above. A workers labor is used by the capitalist to make the objects that ultimately come to dominate the workers. Hence, commodities are the source of alienation because workers produce for the sake of others instead of for their own purposes and needs. Similarly, the fetishism of commodities can be interpreted into the concept of reification. Reification is the process of coming to believe that humanly created social forms are natural, universal, and absolute things. This implies that people believe that social structures are beyond their control and unchangeable. Marx believed capitalism would cause reification to occur and create a self-fulfilling prophecy in which structures actually do become the character others believe they are. This concept demonstrates that capitalism will not only lead to objects given value, but people as well. Marx also feels that modernization leads to wants becoming needs, and needs reating more needs. In other words, the satisfaction of one’s needs can lead to the creation of new needs. Ritzers example for this is how the production of cars satisfied the need for long-distance travel, but led to a new need for highways. Also, at one time people did not feel they needed cars when the car was first invented, but nowadays most people feel they need them. Therefore, Marx concluded that la bor occurs in response to needs, but the labor itself transforms needs, which can lead to new forms of productive activity. One final thought Karl Marx thought capitalism would create was a proletariat revolution. Because the capitalist exploit the workers, Marx believed that sooner or later the proletarians would fight back. As capitalism progresses more and more people become workers, and less people become capitalists. Marx thought that with increasing numbers of workers, more resistance to exploitation and oppression would occur, ultimately leading to a confrontation and revolution. Despite these thoughts, Marx felt that capitalism was a step in the right direction. The birth of capitalism opened up new possibilities for freedom of workers and provides possibility for freedom from the traditions from previous societies (pre capitalism). Though, Marx was an advocate of Communism and believed this was the answer to a change in mode of production. Next, Emile Durkheim has theories on the effects of modernization as well. First, Durkheim believes modernization leads to dynamic density. Over time, societies go through a transition from being more primitive/mechanical, to being more modern/organic; the difference lying in the source of their solidarity, or what holds them together (Ritzer, 2007). The cause of this transition is an increase in dynamic density. One may think the solution to this problem is to have a growing or increasing population, but this is not sufficient enough to create change in the division of labor. The reason for this is that individuals and small groups of people can live in relative isolation from one another and still perform most of the tasks necessary for survival themselves, no matter how big the overall population gets (Ritzer, 2007). Therefore, a growing population must also increase the frequency with which people interact within and between social groups. This increase in dynamic density is likely to cause a division of labor and the transformation of social solidarity. As mentioned above, Durkheim developed two terms: mechanical and organic solidarity. A society characterized by mechanical solidarity means a unified one in which every person is a generalist. This society is held together because each individual is engaged in a similar activity as the another, and can therefore relate with each other. Contrasting, organic solidarity is held together by the differences among people and the fact that each individual has a different job or task. Durkheim believed that modern society was one in which there are a narrow range of tasks and many people must work in order to survive. Therefore, modern society is held together by the specialization of people and their need for the services of many others. Unfortunately, according to Durkheim, this means that modern societies have weaker shared understandings, norms, and beliefs than primitive ones, but are more likely to be cohesive from the division of labor. Along with dynamic density, Durkheim was concerned about the moral â€Å"health†of modern society. He felt that morality was connected with society and therefore society could not be immoral, but it could possibly lose its moral force if the collective interest of society became nothing but self-interests of individuals. Durkheim also felt that people were in risk of a â€Å"pathological† loosening of moral bonds (Ritzer, 2007). Without this, people would be in search of more and more gratification, leading to more and more needs. Every human being will want more and society will start to not limit these needs. Durkheim called this the â€Å"insatiable desire† that modernization would endure. In summary, Durkheim debates in The Division of Labor that moral solidarity has changed in modern society and that modern society allows for more interdependence and closer, less competitive relations. Lastly, Max Weber thinks modernization leads to a variety of outcomes. The first outcome of modernization is bureaucracy.